4 - 8 - Psychological effects

Archiwum

• Index
• 4 - 2 - Module 4.2- Creating effective communication messages (9 minutes), Health Literacy and Communication for Health Professionals
• 401 - Personal Effects, Flashpoint 1-5, Flashpoint
• 4 - 4 - Video 3.4 Task Shifting vs. Task Sharing (8 47), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 5 - 6 - Video 4.6 Challenges to EmOC Implementation in Developing Country Contexts (8 26), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 5 - 3 - Video 4.3 United Nations Process Indicators for Monitoring EmOC (8 52), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 4 - 1 - Video 3.1 Health Care Workforce Shortages (6 01), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 5 - 5 - Video 4.5 Quality Improvement in EmOC (3 05), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 5 - 2 - Video 4.2 EmOC Signal Functions (6 52), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 5 - 4 - Video 4.4 EmOC Monitoring and Assessment (5 22), Childbirth A Global Perspective
• 4 - 2 - Video 3.2 Maldistribution & Migration (6 07), Childbirth A Global Perspective
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4 - 8 - Psychological effects, Childbirth A Global Perspective

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So now we are going to talk aboutthe psychological consequences... for the individual,but also for the family.The consequences ... ... ... ... .... ...at the psychological levelare often disastrous.Just imagine what it is to sitin a classroom surrounded byclassmates who seem to learn to read andwrite effortlessly andwith pleasure, whereas these activitiesare dreadfully difficult for you.And this happen(s) day after day,years after years.Not only do you need to (make) much moreefforts than the others to succeed, buton top that, these effortsare not rewarded by good marks.This ... ... is oftenreally a traumatic experience.And many adults with dyslexia stillhave tears in their eyes when theyare evoking their years of schooling.Also, think about how academicsuccess is valorized in their society.Think about all these ... these family dinners, for example,when there is an uncle or a grandparentwho doesn't know much about dyslexia orreading difficulties orlearning difficulties,and who's asking, 'so, ... ... how is it going at school?'And then the silence.According to the famous Frenchpsychiatrist Boris Cyrulnik,no less than 40% of the learnersaged between ten and24 think about death at school becausethey feel anxious and depressed.Statistics ... show that there is indeed a strongrelationship between reading abilities,and feeling of well-being.in Belgium (it was) calculated that,compared to successful readers,dyslexics were three times moreat risk (of committing) suicide,and six times more atrisk to drop out of school.We also know that schooldrop-out goes hand-in-hand withantisocial behavior,marginalization and ... delinquency.This fact is very well illustrated by thefact that the proportion of dyslexics ishigher in the prison populationthan in the society in general.I now invite you to watch a presentationby Professor Linda Siegel ofthe University ofBritish Columbia in Canada,on the relationship between illiteracy andincarceration, andthe need to identify andintervene early with dyslexic learners.>> Dyslexia andother learning disabilities representa very important problem for our society.I will discuss how dyslexia andother learningdisabilities have a significantimpact on our justice system.Identification andintervention forlearning disabilities is very important.On the basis of research,we know that many of the young peoplewho live on the streets of largecities, and perhaps even smallertowns, have learning disabilities that havenot been properly detected and remediated.We know that many adolescentsuicides are a result oflearning disabilities that had not beenproperly identified and remediated.Based on studies in many countries,in many different parts of the world,we know that the majorityof the people in prisonhave learning disabilities that havenot been detected and identified.Undiagnosed and untreated learningdisabilities cause emotional andsocial problems such as depression andanxiety.Based on studies in manydifferent parts of the world,we know that individuals whoare involved with the justice systemhave significantly higher illiteracyrates than the population as a whole.Dyslexia and other learning disabilitiesare very costly to the justice system.There is the cost of police investigation.There is the cost of trials.There is cost of actualincarceration of somebody in prison.For example, in Canada that costs20,000 Canadian dollars peryear per person, who is incarcerated.And also, there is the cost of the lossof productive members of society.We know that low literacy skills anddelinquency are correlated.Incarcerated youth have lower rates ofliteracy than non-incarcerated youths.We know that individualswith low levels ofliteracy are much more likelyto repeat their crimes.We know that once a youngperson is in jail,they are very unlikelyto return to school.Identifying and treating dyslexia andother learning disabilities will notsolve all of the problems of the world,but it will be a giant step forward.>> We also know that the learner whohas lost all self-esteemis unable to learn anything.Some refer to this asa real 'cognitive death' -a situation where the learner haslost any motivation for learning.Self-esteem is at the heart ofthe development of personality.It is a prerequisite forlearning and for personal blooming.Self-esteem is fluctuant,and evolves all the time.It could be compared to a barometer,which measures the intrinsicvalue we give to ourselves andto our ability to adapt ourselvesto external, to the external world.According to the Frenchpsychologists Andr?? and Lelord,self-esteem encompasses three dimensions.Self security, which develops roughlybetween birth and the age of two.Self perception,which develops between two and six, andself confidence, which developsfrom the age of seven on, roughly.Self security is really the foundation forself esteem.If you do not have some love for yourself,you think that no one else can love you.Self security is related to the lovewe receive from our parents orguardians from birth on.It protects us from despair.It is linked to the love we havereceived in the early years of life.Thanks to this reserve of affection,we can adapt ourselves tothe difficulties of life with more ease.That was for the first aspect.The second aspect is self perception.It is the person,the perception of our qualities and flaws.It is completely subjective, andit's also related to the environment andfeedback we receive from the environment.Did your parents or guardians havespecific projects for (you), did your parents orguardians have specific projects for us?Were these achievable?Many children are charged with the missionof accomplishing the unconsciousprojects of the parents orguardians, often the ones theycould not realize themselves andreport on (go bak to) the children.The children can become anxious,can fear to be disappointing -generat(ing) sensitivity andsusceptibility.When the self perception is negative,frustrat(ing) experiences are difficultto cope with andanxiety is really key to this process.And negative self perception canalso induce an importantreliance on others.Hence the child lives for the other,his or her approbation and encouragements.He orshe has difficulties to develop her ownprojects and to know what he orshe really needs and wants in life.When the self perception is positive,it becomes an innerstrength which allows the child to... ... frustration, andto go tthough difficult experiencesto achieve one's goal.Self-confidence is related to our actions,to our ability to react adequatelyin various situations and to makethe right decision at the right moment.It is related to education.Were we surrounded by parents, orguardians, who would invent and realizethe projects, repositioning themselves whenfacing failures, to bloom autonomously.If this is the case, our self confidencegrows with succeeded experiences.This positive experiences reinforceself-confidence which allows to dare totake risk in newsituations with more ease.These doesn't mean that we need to succeedall the time, as ... ... has said,failure is the ground for success.Self-esteem relies on a base,which is common to two feelings:the one of being recognized at school andthe one of being supported effectively.You, as a teacher,have a central role to play sothat all the children of yourclassroom feel recognized at school.The problem with a dyslexic child is thathe or she fails repeatedly at school,especially with the written language,and can develop four types of behavior.The first one is inhibition.The child does not participate inthe life of the classroom anymore.He or she creates psychological defensesin order to avoid any new suffering,and lives in an imaginary world.The second type of behavior is regression.The child always requiresthe attention of the parent orguardian at home, andof the professor (teacher) at school.She doesn't dare to think by herself.Because if he is to be wrong again, she orhe feels incompetent at all times.The third mechanism is projection.Too fragile to face his difficulties,the child tries to ignore these.Conversely, as soon as he or she sees thissimilar difficulties in othershe or she will make fun ofthe type of person which caninduce a lot of verbal andphysical violence.The fourth mechanism is displacement.The child who cannot obtain satisfactoryresults at school due to his orher learning difficultieswill naturally tend to getvalorization in other domains,in which she or he is more competent.The major feeling the dyslexic learnerwill have to face throughout the schoolyears, is a lack of comfort relatedto the fact that often he orshe remains in a position ofbeing consciously incompetent.There are, in fact, four stages for learning any new concept.The first stage is the one ofUnconsciously Incompetent.I don't know that I don't know.The learner has no knowledgeof the concept, andis unaware of the fact that he orshe lacks this knowledge.This is a comfortable situation.However, she orhe progressively becomes aware that she orhe needs to acquire some new knowledge topursue the learning and new reflection.For example, if the child know that e plus e corresponds to the phoneme 'ee',to which sound correspondsthe association of 'e' and 'ee',it is time to learn this new ph... 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