5 - 2 - Inclusion, Childbirth A Global Perspective
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Hello, now we are going totalk about inclusion andthis section is based on the reportpublished by UNESCO in 2009,called 'Towards Inclusive Education forChildren with Disabilities: A Guideline',which you will find in the Resourcessection of the course.One of the most important thingsyou need to realize ... (is)that certainly over 140million children do not... go to school andthe figures seem to increase.Now, the aim of the inclusiveeducation is to respond tothe learning needs of all the children,whatever their needs are,and this is defined inthe 'UN Convention on the Rightsof the Child' from 1989 and 2009.Inclusive education encourages ... stakeholdersto reflect on the following obstacles ...to inclusion.The first one is lack of teacher training.The second one is inappropriate programs.And the third issue isinappropriate pedagogical methods.Also the fact that ... ...... ... the rooms are noteasily accessible in schools.To reduce these ...obstacles, it is important first toraise awareness about inclusion.The teaching staff needsto reach a consensusaround the specific learning needs ofthe different children ofthe classroom and the school.There needs to be an analysisof the situation of the school.'What did we put in place already forinclusion?What did we not do for inclusion?'There needs to be a reform of the system,the school system, sothat inclusion can bea reality in the school and finallyit is important to be supported andto support local projects.We'll go back to this later on.Inclusive education is justif(ied)from several points of view.From the pedagogical point of view:it is very important, the school needsto address the learning differences ofall the children as stipulated.As I said, in the UN conventionon the rights of the children... it is mandatory forthe school to include all the children.From the social point of view alsoinclusive education is justifiedbecause we confront it with differences,with different learning styles,with different children withdifferent learning needs.(It) leads the children to become citizens (who) are open to differences and(who) can live in peace and harmony.From the economical point of view ... ... inclusion is also justified,because it is less expensive to haveall the children in the same classroomrather than developing ...an often complicated, specialized system.Obviously ... inclusive educationrequire, requires teacher training.And I think that's the reasonwhy you do this course also.A team ...of specialized member of the staff will then... interact with the expertwho was seeing the children andwho ideally should also be in the school.We all know that early identification andearly intervention are very important, sothe staff must be trainedto be able to ...Identify, and I go back to the earlypredictors of later dyslexia.A supportive system needs to be putin place especially for the school andfor the learners with specific needs.The involvement of the parents andthe community at large are essentialfor inclusion to happen andto be sustained.We might ask a fewquestions around inclusion.First of all,'how to set up an inclusive program?'Well, it may be necessary to revisit andredefine learning processeswithin the inclusive setting.Learning happens whenever there isan active participation from the child.So it is not good marks andbad marks in evaluation; it isactive participation from the child.The program should be flexible andtailored to the learner's education andneeds.You should know that heavy andinflexible programs are the mainfactors which hinder inclusive education.This is obviously a very demandingtask for the teachers, for you.But, with proper training, Ithink this can be achieved,and that's the reason whyyou (are) following this course.Now let's look at the financial level.Often, people will say, 'wellinclusion is a very nice conceptbut it costs money'; well you shouldknow that there are thingswhich you can do in the classroom,and which do not cost any money.For example,collaboration between students,coaching between peers, mutual support,involvement of the parents (who)we are going to see is paramount ... to the success of inclusion,and an active pedagogy.Your school, your institutionshould also try to establishrelationships with partnerswho could support financially;Some of the projects you willbe doing ... towards inclusion.Another question we may ask is,'how to deal with the transition towards aninclusive setting, an inclusive education?'Well ... the educative system mustmanage this transition, which is not easyand especially the crucial moment(s) forthe child,for example,the transition from home to school,the transition from one cycle to another,... the transition from primaryschool to secondary school,the possible transition fromsecondary school to higher education,and more generally,the transition between school and work.The last question we may ask whilethere are other questions obviously,but another question we may ask is how toinduce and sustain changes in the school.Well, there needs to be change both atthe level of the national policies to... inclusion, andat the level of the school.Several factors will determine whetheran integrative, an inclusive ...approach is successful or not.First of all it is veryimportant to define well... ... the role of each of theactors (who) are involved with the child.The school must be supportedboth morally and financially.The procedures must obey verywell defined characteristics sothat in the emergency you canmake a decision about a child.... whether you put in place a programfor a child which is not working,'what are we going to do', et cetera.And the diffusion of information shouldbe promoted so that you are going tospread the word so to speak andinduce other school(s) to imitate you.Schools can also help each othervery much by sharing experiences andexpertise and by developing commonpolicies and common practices,(the) best practices to include all children.Now let me tell you about an exampleof successful inclusion which isoften quoted.It is obviously Finland.In Finland,all the children go to the same school -there is no ...specialized education.And some of the children,depending on their learning needs,are taken by specialists tothe back of the classroom,not to another room, butto the back of the classroom.and then they go back,they come back to their seats, andthey continue to follow the lessons.So, literally and psychologically,there is no wall anymore,... ... there are no wallsany more between the children withspecific learning needs and all the otherswho all benefit from differences.And as I said they learn fromeach other and they becomecitizens open to differences.And if you think about it -now let's come back to dyslexia -if you think about it there are somewords around dyslexia which are quite,quite stigmatizing like 'remedial','remediation'.There's ... ... no remedialto give to a dyslexic child becausehe or she learns differently, because ofa different organization of the brain.So I much prefer the word 'support'.Some people still talkabout 'normal' school,it's obviously 'mainstream' school,so it should be the word.Also, parents often feel guilty whentheir children ... haveDyslexia or another learning difficulty.One way to avoid ... to reduce the feeling of guilty-ness that... the parents may have is to involvethem in the project of inclusion;this is really paramount andmany parents, of course,... whenever possible.But I can assure you, many parents willbe very happy to be involved in theproject of inclusion oftheir child into the school.
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